Sports collectors digest

In 1947, Tip Top Bread issued 163 cards in various regions. A Near Mint set runs $20,000. The 1947 Sports Exchange 108-card set was actually one of the first collector sets but rated a ACC classification of W601 from Burdick. There were two small sets from Swell in 1948: Babe Ruth Story and Sport Thrills.

Sports collectors digest. Get the latest sports and trading card news, checklists, set information, box breaks, Rookie Card highlights and other useful tools to grow and get the most out of your card collection.

Hall of Famer and World Series hero Roberto Clemente has always been popular among sports card and memorabilia collectors. We take a look at some of his most colorful and unique collectibles. When the first night game in MLB history took place in May 1935 at Cincinnati’s Crosley Field, nine-month-old Roberto Clemente enjoyed the …

Anderson Enterprises, Kpt. Archer Seating Clearinghouse. Asher Puppy Cards. Athlon Sports Collectibles. Autographed Baseball Cards Unlimited. Big Dawg Possessions. Bryan Dec Vintage Sports. Bud's Sports Cards & Collectibles. Creative Sports Ent., Inc.Longtime sports artist and illustrator Ronnie Joyner passed away at age 58. A contributor to SCD for more than 25 years, Joyner was considered "a true artist." ... writing songs and playing music with his popular rockabilly band or drawing Baseball Art for Sports Collectors Digest, Joyner poured his heart and soul into his creative passion ...Dec 14, 2023 · Collectors, PSA acquire card-grading rival SGC. By SCD Staff Feb 29, 2024. Hobby News. Dec 4, 2023 · Longtime collector and hobby ambassador Jeff Baker, the host of the TTMCast podcast, passed away on Dec. 2 at age 58. The last time I saw collector and friend Jeff Baker, he was right where I expected him to be — hanging out at the TRISTAR Autograph Pavilion at the 43 rd annual National Sports Collectors Convention in Chicago. Because of his massive collection, Jones was selected to be inducted into the newly-established Sports Collectors Digest Collectors Hall of Fame as a card collector. SCD first told Jones’ story in March 2020 (The King of Cards, March 13 issue), when his collection stood at 2.8 million cards. Back then, he said he adds about 300,000 cards …

Boy, did Oancea cause a tidal wave this time. Two years after getting into investing in sports cards, Oancea – a.k.a. “Vegas Dave” – unloaded his Mike Trout 2009 Bowman Chrome autographed Superfractor. The 1-of-1 card sold through Goldin Auctions for a record-breaking $3.936 million on Aug. 23. That price eclipsed the 2016 sale of a ...Sports Collectors Digest is your leading sources for sports card and collectible shows all over the country. List the schedule and details for your show here.Nov 3, 2008 · Stadium memorabilia has become a booming niche within the sports collectibles industry over the past two decades, beginning with the close of Chicago’s Comiskey Park where the White Sox profited more than a million dollars by selling stadium souvenirs such as signs and chairs. Collectors now seek out signs, pieces of outfield wall, stadium ... OK, sports fans! It’s time to play “Jeopardy for Collectors!” Host Alex Trebek: The answer is – “Smash it and take the card out.” Buzzer sounds. Contestant: What does the Baseball Hall of Fame immediately do when they receive a donation of a “slabbed” card? Trebek: Correct! Contestant: I’ll take “Care and Conservation” for ... Sports Collectors Digest (SCD) is an American advertising weekly paper published at Iola, Wisconsin. The magazine provides an avenue through which sellers, traders and avid buyers of Sports cards and other memorabilia may interact. Sports Collectors Digest. Articles From This Author. Collector Shows. Experience the Ultimate Card Show: JSA Authentication & $1,000+ in Prizes! By Sports Collectors Digest Sep 8, 2023. Dealer Directory. Goldin. By Sports Collectors Digest Apr 14, 2023. Auction News. Heritage Sports Collectibles catalog auction.Premium Members: 17,168. SPORTSCOLLECTORS.NET BLOG. 1/1/2024 - HAPPY NEW YEAR 2024. 12/28/2023 - INDICATION WHEN PRIVATE SIGNINGS ARE COMPLETED. 11/15/2023 - 2 MILLION SUCCESSES ON SPORTSCOLLECTORS.NET. 1/1/2023 - HAPPY NEW YEAR 2023. 12/21/2022 - AUCTION RESULTS: SIGNED 1983 STAR …

“Obviously, it’s been a down year for sports card prices and the drop in sports card prices has accelerated over the last few weeks,” Sports Card Investor founder Geoff Wilson told Sports Collectors Digest in mid-June. Sports Card Investor tracks different indexes through its Market Movers software. Its SCI 500 index — 500 of the …Sports card shows have come back strong, with events all over the country attracting large crowds and big sales. Even shows in small towns like Scottsboro, Ala. and Hickory, N.C. are enjoying success in the red-hot sports collectible hobby. When you think of the current mecca for sports card shows, certain cities come to mind: Chicago, Los ...Whether in 1959 or 1971, the Bazooka football cards came with a “frame of dashes” around each card/panel and it’s common to find the cards cut off the boxes, and into/below the lines, especially from 1959, making high-grade samples from that set rare. (Intact 1959 Bazooka boxes, by the way, are virtually nonexistent.Dec 18, 2023 · In November 2021, Collectors — the parent company of PSA — contacted the Card Ladder founders. The industry giant wanted to purchase the small upstart, and a deal was reached. Having Collectors’ name attached to the company has been helpful. In 1947, Tip Top Bread issued 163 cards in various regions. A Near Mint set runs $20,000. The 1947 Sports Exchange 108-card set was actually one of the first collector sets but rated a ACC classification of W601 from Burdick. There were two small sets from Swell in 1948: Babe Ruth Story and Sport Thrills.Premium Members: 17,168. SPORTSCOLLECTORS.NET BLOG. 1/1/2024 - HAPPY NEW YEAR 2024. 12/28/2023 - INDICATION WHEN PRIVATE SIGNINGS ARE COMPLETED. 11/15/2023 - 2 MILLION SUCCESSES ON SPORTSCOLLECTORS.NET. 1/1/2023 - HAPPY NEW YEAR 2023. 12/21/2022 - AUCTION RESULTS: SIGNED 1983 STAR …

Avionte.

Also See: Meet the owner of the ’52 Mantle expected to break all-time record . Kendrick loaned his collection to Collectors, the parent company of PSA, in conjunction with the release of the book “The Diamondbacks Collection: 50 of the Greatest Cards in Sports Collecting History" by Tom and Ellen Zappala.Feb 13, 2008. In honor of our 25th Anniversary, we're changing the look of the hobby's No. 1 price guide publication. It's still Tuff Stuff, but with some added muscle and a new title – Tuff Stuff's Sports Collectors Monthly. The new-look monthly magazine is set to debut with the May issue. The magazine will feature several format changes ...Sports programs makes a nice alternative for the collector who craves vintage sports memorabilia, but doesn’t have the discretionary income for a Mickey Mantle game-worn jersey or a Babe Ruth game …19th Hartland Statue Turns Up After 46 Years. The past is coming to the present, as Hartland is offering a Casey Stengel Hartland statue prototype that was originally produced 46 years ago. admin. Jun 15, 2009. The Hartland folks are touting this as a chance to go back in time, and given the description of the Casey Stengel Hartland Statue ...

Sports Collectors Digest, the most respected sports collectibles magazine in the hobby, keeps you informed about every aspect of sports collecting, including …Before there was Bubble. Gum: Our favorite Pre-World War I Baseball Cards discusses a variety of early cards, ranging from tobacco cards, to. caramel cards, to cards issued with clothing, and everything in-between in its 50 pages. The book is divided into sections, and each section is. devoted to focusing on one type of card.Sports cards for the collector on your Christmas list. By Tony Reid Dec 6, 2021. News. Case breaking boom has breakers anxious to bust some boxes at The National. By Greg Bates Jul 22, 2021. Autographs ‘Inkredible’ Wilt Chamberlain card a rare find. By Greg Bates May 21, 2021. Cards.Sports Collectors Digest. Apr 29, 2021. SportsAddressLists.Com was started in 1996 to fill a great void for through the mail autograph collectors, and that included me because I have been an autograph collector since 1970. My main goal is that the address lists we produce have to be the highest quality available for collectors.Sports Collectors Digest is your leading sources for sports card and collectible shows all over the country. List the schedule and details for your show here.Sports Collectors Digest is your leading sources for sports card and collectible shows all over the country. List the schedule and details for your show here.Jul 19, 2013. EBay, the most popular auction site for collectors, publishes a list of memorabilia firms whose certificates and letters of authenticity are “not allowed” on the site. But a recent review of this list reveals roughly 30 businesses that were busted by the FBI for their roles in forgeries and fraudulent authentications of ...A room upstairs in the house was filled with tubs of cards from the 1990s and 2000s. After looking through the collection, the brother and sister told me more about their collecting brother who had passed away and how they found the collection. “First of all, the cards were spewed everywhere,” the brother said.

The 21st-century version of Topps could do a lot worse than celebrate its new-found exclusive status by replicating the classic 1956 version, an iconic, nearly flawless card set that was as close to a perfect issue as any ever created. Even with a missing Hall of Famer and a couple of suits as cards No. 1 and No. 2.

The index compared prices for Mint cards, which have done better than prices for cards in lower conditions. Buying one stock has more risk than buying the market. There may be significantly more reward or loss. The same is true when buying individual players versus collecting all popular vintage sets. Sports Collectors Digest, the most respected sports collectibles magazine in the hobby, keeps you informed about every aspect of sports collecting, including trading cards, memorabilia, autographs, online auctions, grading, and authentication. Each issue includes information and insight on the latest news and trends fr “Pretty crazy,” Avidar told Sports Collectors Digest after the purchase last year. “A /99 just went for $1.1 million, so it’s definitely been a whirlwind since we bought it.” Goldin Auctions CEO and founder Ken Goldin said 2003-04 Upper Deck Exquisite is the greatest set ever produced.Jul 1, 2020 · SCD Staff. Jul 1, 2020. Tuff Stuff Price Guides. Once upon a time, Sports Collectors Diges t had a sister publication called Tuff Stuff that included price guides on a variety of cards. Though that publication no longer exists, we decided to keep the outdated price guides because so many collectors were using them as checklists. Sports Collectors Digest, the most respected sports collectibles magazine in the hobby, keeps you informed about every aspect of sports collecting, including trading cards, memorabilia, autographs, online auctions, grading, and authentication. Each issue includes information and insight on the latest news and trends frJun 1, 2021 · Because of his massive collection, Jones was selected to be inducted into the newly-established Sports Collectors Digest Collectors Hall of Fame as a card collector. SCD first told Jones’ story in March 2020 ( The King of Cards , March 13 issue), when his collection stood at 2.8 million cards. See full list on sportscollectorsdigest.com These dentures first appeared publicly in a May 22, 1995 Sports Illustrated article titled “Sultan of Swap” by Franz Lidz. The article described collector Barry Halper’s extensive memorabilia collection, emphasizing the items he had for the most famous players, including Babe Ruth, Willie Mays, Jackie Robinson and, of course, Ty Cobb.PHOTO GALLERY : A special Jim Brown/Cleveland Browns collection. In 9 condition, it can exceed $325,000 in value. An 8-grade Brown rookie can also push the $300,000 mark. If you’re okay with a 4-, 5- or 6-grade …

Revoice.

Phoenix az to vegas.

Sep 19, 2007 · Sports Collectors Digest is a monthly magazine that covers every aspect of modern sports collecting, including cards, memorabilia, autographed material and more. Learn how to write for SCD, the writer's guidelines, the editorial submission process and the rights and payment terms. Feb 13, 2008. In honor of our 25th Anniversary, we're changing the look of the hobby's No. 1 price guide publication. It's still Tuff Stuff, but with some added muscle and a new title – Tuff Stuff's Sports Collectors Monthly. The new-look monthly magazine is set to debut with the May issue. The magazine will feature several format changes ...Each issue includes information and insight on the latest news and trends from some of the most respected experts in the hobby, as well as athlete interviews, auction coverage, …New Collectors Holdings CFO Jason Harinstein worked with Collectors Universe CEO Nat Turner at Flatiron Health. SCD Staff. Dec 15, 2021. After working for five years for Nat Turner’s Flatiron Health, it made sense for collector and CFO Jason Harinstein to follow Turner to Collector’s Universe and the sports collectible industry.Sports Collectors Digest is the voice of the hobby for sports collectibles and memorabilia. Find the latest news, auctions, tips and insights on cards, autographs, …2023-24 Panini Select Basketball Preview. April 18, 2024 By Rich Mueller. The NBA playoffs will be down to the nitty gritty when 2023-24 Panini Select Basketball makes its annual return to the market. The colorful chromium product packs more of the same this season. Select Hobby boxes will have 12 packs, with five cards per pack.Sports programs makes a nice alternative for the collector who craves vintage sports memorabilia, but doesn’t have the discretionary income for a Mickey Mantle game-worn jersey or a Babe Ruth game …SPORTS COLLECTORS DIGEST covers every aspect of modern sports collecting, including cards, memorabilia, equipment, lithographs, figurines, and autographed material. Online collecting, memorabilia, and auction news are covered each week in specially designed sections that complement columns from some of the most respected experts in …2023-24 Panini Select Basketball Preview. April 18, 2024 By Rich Mueller. The NBA playoffs will be down to the nitty gritty when 2023-24 Panini Select Basketball makes its annual return to the market. The colorful chromium product packs more of the same this season. Select Hobby boxes will have 12 packs, with five cards per pack.Sports Collectors Digest, the most respected sports collectibles magazine in the hobby, keeps you informed about every aspect of sports collecting, including trading cards, memorabilia, autographs, online auctions, grading, and authentication. Each issue includes information and insight on the latest news and trends fr ….

Original: Jun 27, 2022. Beckett. Beckett is undergoing a fresh start by rebranding its image, adding a technology-first CEO and moving into a new, state-of-the-art building. A lot is changing with one of the top third-party grading companies in the industry. Kunal Chopra was hired as CEO of Dallas-based Beckett Collectibles and Beckett Group in ...Also See: Meet the owner of the ’52 Mantle expected to break all-time record . Kendrick loaned his collection to Collectors, the parent company of PSA, in conjunction with the release of the book “The Diamondbacks Collection: 50 of the Greatest Cards in Sports Collecting History" by Tom and Ellen Zappala.Apr 28, 2021 · BGS told Sports Collectors Digest that it is backlogged by “millions and millions” of cards, and CSG has acknowledged that it is behind as well. SGC came out not long after PSA halted submissions and tripled prices because of its backlog. PSA’s problem isn’t isolated. “Everybody is saying, ‘Well, PSA just isn’t doing it right. Sports Collectors Digest (SCD) is an American advertising weekly paper published at Iola, Wisconsin. The magazine provides an avenue through which sellers, traders and avid …That’s because the Cranston Sports Collectors Show is about to celebrate its 35th anniversary in Rhode Island, an annual one-day show open to collectors and dealers. The show goes back so far that even SCD was still a relative newcomer at its inception. The evolution. The first show, in 1976, attracted 15 dealers and a crowd of …These dentures first appeared publicly in a May 22, 1995 Sports Illustrated article titled “Sultan of Swap” by Franz Lidz. The article described collector Barry Halper’s extensive memorabilia collection, emphasizing the items he had for the most famous players, including Babe Ruth, Willie Mays, Jackie Robinson and, of course, Ty Cobb.Aug 19, 2010 · T.S. O’Connell is the editor of Sports Collectors Digest. Reach him by e-mail: [email protected]; (715) 445-2214, ext. 13243. MORE RESOURCES FOR SPORTS COLLECTORS. Forgive us the obvious gags about how tough it was to get 1967 Topps Baseball high numbers way back when. Truth is, it’s way tougher to find the infamous 1967 high ... Jan 10, 2024 · Mike Cramer's Pacific Trading Cards shook up the sports card industry in the 1990s, launching many of the innovations that collectors see in modern cards today. Sometimes, when something happens, you don't immediately realize the long-term significance of it. It's not until years later that the reality of the impact really reveals itself. Sports collectors digest, For its part, Topps did Mantle up proud in 1965, producing four great cards of the Yankee legend, cards that would be quite pricey decades later as the card-collecting hobby exploded. Card No. 350 of Mantle, the regular-issue card that year, is easily one of his toughest from the decade to find well centered and in high grade, and pricey when ..., MBA is launching the new service at the National Sports Collectors Convention in Atlantic City with PWCC Marketplace as a vaulting and marketplace partner. MBA will be authenticating cards at The National for $6 per card. The partnership provides clients with the ability to store their assets in their PWCC Vault account or trade it on one …, Sports Collectors Digest at one time was published weekly in a larger format. A 1990 issue I have has 352 pages. Retaining a complete run of SCDs takes space. Lionel Carter (1918-2008), of course, saved all his SCDs. He piled the heavy issues neatly in two stacks extending from floor to ceiling underneath his basement stairs, not a …, SPORTS COLLECTORS DIGEST covers every aspect of modern sports collecting, including cards, memorabilia, equipment, lithographs, figurines, and …, Mar 30, 2022. PSA. Collectors Holdings, Inc. has raised $100 million in new funding, helping it increase its revenue and earnings by more than 100 percent year over year. The new financing comes with a valuation of $4.3 billion and comes as the company launches its new corporate branding (“Collectors”) and website ( www.Collectors.com )., Aug 19, 2010 · T.S. O’Connell is the editor of Sports Collectors Digest. Reach him by e-mail: [email protected]; (715) 445-2214, ext. 13243. MORE RESOURCES FOR SPORTS COLLECTORS. Forgive us the obvious gags about how tough it was to get 1967 Topps Baseball high numbers way back when. Truth is, it’s way tougher to find the infamous 1967 high ... , Sports card shows have come back strong, with events all over the country attracting large crowds and big sales. Even shows in small towns like Scottsboro, Ala. and Hickory, N.C. are enjoying success in the red-hot sports collectible hobby. When you think of the current mecca for sports card shows, certain cities come to mind: Chicago, Los ..., Apr 12, 2024 · Auctions. Whether it’s eBay or any number of auctions houses across the country, you can always find a large number of people bidding on the best sports memorabilia collectors have to offer, from a Babe Ruth autographed baseball to a pristine T206 Honus Wagner baseball card to a jersey worn by Michael Jordan. Sports memorabilia abounds. , The last time I saw collector and friend Jeff Baker, he was right where I expected him to be — hanging out at the TRISTAR Autograph Pavilion at the 43 rd annual National Sports Collectors Convention in Chicago.. An avid sports memorabilia and autograph collector and the host of the popular TTMCast podcast, Jeff sadly passed …, Sports Collectors Digest, the most respected sports collectibles magazine in the hobby, keeps you informed about every aspect of sports collecting, including trading cards, memorabilia, autographs, online auctions, grading, and authentication. Each issue includes information and insight on the latest news and trends from some of the most …, Sports card shows have come back strong, with events all over the country attracting large crowds and big sales. Even shows in small towns like Scottsboro, Ala. and Hickory, N.C. are enjoying success in the red-hot sports collectible hobby. When you think of the current mecca for sports card shows, certain cities come to mind: Chicago, Los ..., Summer Catch, 2001 Hollywood release. Touching the Game, by Jim Carroll, a 2003 documentary on two-disc DVD set chronicling the 2003 Cape season and league history. Price is $19.95, plus shipping; www.touchingthegame.com. Carroll was in Alaska this year for an ESPN documentary., The biggest concern is that Fanatics, the world’s largest producer of sports apparel and merchandise, will produce cards and sell directly to collectors, all but eliminating card shops like ours from even carrying new product. Some of the hobby’s heaviest hitters have raised similar concerns. “They have crazy distribution reach through ..., As Aaron has grown in legend and collector status, so has this great, great rookie card. Today's Value: $1,900. 1963 Topps Pete Rose - Rose's assault on Ty Cobb's all-time hit record coincided nicely with the birth of the rookie card craze, so this card was an easy target for collectors in the 1980s., Mike Cramer's Pacific Trading Cards shook up the sports card industry in the 1990s, launching many of the innovations that collectors see in modern cards today. Sometimes, when something happens, you don't immediately realize the long-term significance of it. It's not until years later that the reality of the impact really reveals itself., PHOTO GALLERY : A special Jim Brown/Cleveland Browns collection. In 9 condition, it can exceed $325,000 in value. An 8-grade Brown rookie can also push the $300,000 mark. If you’re okay with a 4-, 5- or 6-grade …, SPORTS COLLECTORS DIGEST covers every aspect of modern sports collecting, including cards, memorabilia, equipment, lithographs, figurines, and autographed material. Online collecting, memorabilia, and auction news are covered each week in specially designed sections that complement columns from some of the most respected experts in the hobby ... , Mar 14, 2023 · Greg Bates and Jeff Owens of Sports Collectors Digest took an exclusive, behind-the-scenes tour of the hallowed grounds — including Monument Park and the team museum — prior to a Yankees game during the 2022 season. Yankees curator Brian Richards led an insightful, magnificent tour. , Jul 1, 2020 · SCD Staff. Jul 1, 2020. Tuff Stuff Price Guides. Once upon a time, Sports Collectors Diges t had a sister publication called Tuff Stuff that included price guides on a variety of cards. Though that publication no longer exists, we decided to keep the outdated price guides because so many collectors were using them as checklists. , SPORTS COLLECTORS DIGEST covers every aspect of modern sports collecting, including cards, memorabilia, equipment, lithographs, figurines, and autographed material. Online collecting, memorabilia, and auction news are covered each week in specially designed sections that complement columns from some of the most respected experts in …, Sports Collectors Digest (SCD) is an American advertising weekly paper published at Iola, Wisconsin. The magazine provides an avenue through which sellers, traders and avid buyers of Sports cards and other memorabilia may interact. , Aug 21, 2017. By Greg Bates. The anticipation built as Leighton Sheldon tore open a 1979 Topps Hockey wax pack. Sheldon, co-owner of VintageBreaks.com, sat at a table on the main stage in the Rippingwax.com Breakers Pavilion and slowly revealed the 10 cards in the pack to a group of about 50 onlookers at the National Sports Collectors Convention., The 70-odd posters issued between 1910-15, measuring 9-½-by-20 inches, bear the designation of M113. From 1916 onward, the posters measured 9-½-by-12 inches, give or take a 1/4-inch or so, and are known to serious collectors as M114., Jun 11, 2021. Ross Forman. The milestone 35 th annual TRISTAR Collectors Show in Houston, held June 4-6 at NRG Arena, was record-breaking, riding a perfect storm of a red-hot collectibles industry hungry for the first major, multi-guest show in about 15 months. In fact, Friday June 4 was the biggest Friday at a TRISTAR show in company history ..., When card flipper Dave Oancea sold his 2009 Bowman Chrome Mike Trout autographed Superfractor in August 2020, he told Sports Collectors Digest he purchased the card two years earlier from a collector in Asia for $400,000. Oancea sold the 1-of-1 for a then-hobby-record $3.9 million. Turner, who was a part of a group that purchased …, For its part, Topps did Mantle up proud in 1965, producing four great cards of the Yankee legend, cards that would be quite pricey decades later as the card-collecting hobby exploded. Card No. 350 of Mantle, the regular-issue card that year, is easily one of his toughest from the decade to find well centered and in high grade, and pricey when ..., Collectors, PSA acquire card-grading rival SGC. By SCD Staff Feb 29, 2024. Hobby News., Along with Fogel’s collection, other big-time collectors have trusted their cards for MBA to certify. The collector who purchased a 1986-87 Fleer PSA 10 Michael Jordan for $720,000 in January 2021, and then six weeks later paid $4.6 million for the 2018-19 National Treasures Logoman 1/1 Luka Doncic, has had his cards looked at by MBA., Mickey Mantle, Hank Aaron cards highlight Mile High auction as 1968 Topps set break tops $1 million. By SCD Staff Apr 16, 2024. Hobby News. , When card flipper Dave Oancea sold his 2009 Bowman Chrome Mike Trout autographed Superfractor in August 2020, he told Sports Collectors Digest he purchased the card two years earlier from a collector in Asia for $400,000. Oancea sold the 1-of-1 for a then-hobby-record $3.9 million. Turner, who was a part of a group that purchased …, The hobby’s oldest and most respected publication. Stories, breaking news coverage, regular columns, player interviews, auction coverage, offbeat collectibles coverage, …, Sep 24, 2009 · For its part, Topps did Mantle up proud in 1965, producing four great cards of the Yankee legend, cards that would be quite pricey decades later as the card-collecting hobby exploded. Card No. 350 of Mantle, the regular-issue card that year, is easily one of his toughest from the decade to find well centered and in high grade, and pricey when ... , Anderson Enterprises, Kpt. Archer Seating Clearinghouse. Asher Puppy Cards. Athlon Sports Collectibles. Autographed Baseball Cards Unlimited. Big Dawg Possessions. Bryan Dec Vintage Sports. Bud's Sports Cards & Collectibles. Creative Sports Ent., Inc.